v
Meaning
Indirect
speech (sometimes called
reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said
and it doesn't have to be word for word. So, Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)
is used when we want to report the words of one person to another indirectly.
Direct
speech Saying
exactly what someone has said is called direct speech (sometimes called quoted
speech).Here what a person says appears within quotation marks
("...") and should be word for
word.
v
Function
We use reported speech when we want ro repeat what someone had previously
said. The changing from direct to indirect speech is time change and tenses
change.
·
Time Change
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Ago
|
Before
|
Come
|
Do
|
Hence
|
Thence
|
Here
|
There
|
Hither
|
Thither
|
Last night
|
The previous night
|
Next week
|
The following week
|
Now
|
Then
|
These
|
Those
|
This
|
That
|
Thus
|
So
|
Today
|
That day
|
Tomorrow
|
Next day
|
Yesterday
|
The previous day
|
·
Tenses Change
Direct
|
Indirect
|
Will
|
Would
|
Can
|
Could
|
Must
|
Had to
|
Shall
|
Should
|
May
|
Might
|
!Note -
There is no change to; could, would, should, might and ought to
Examples of Direct Speech to
Indirect Speech :
Positive form
Direct speech
|
Indirect
speech
|
|
Simple
Present
|
He said, “I
have a present for you in my bag.here”
|
He said that
he had a present for me in his bag there.
|
Present
Continuous
|
She said,
"I'm teaching English online."
|
She said she
was teaching English online.
|
Present
Perfect
|
She said,
"I've been on the web since 1999”
|
She said she
had been on the web since 1999.
|
Simple Past
|
She said,
"I taught online yesterday."
|
She said she
had taught online yesterday.
|
Past
Continuous
|
She said,
"I was teaching earlier."
|
She said she
had been teaching earlier
|
Past Perfect
|
She said,
"The lesson had already started when he arrived."
|
-
|
Past Future
|
She said,”i
would watch the pesbukers”
|
She said
me that she would have watched the pesbukers
|
Negatif
form
Direct speech
|
Indirect
speech
|
|
Simple
Present
|
Jono said, “I
don’t buy chocolate today”
|
Jono said
that he didn’t buy chocolate that day
|
Present
Continuous
|
Tono
said, “My father isn’t playing football last night”
|
Tono said
that his father was’t playing football
|
Present
Perfect
|
tina said, “Jono hasn’t seen this film
last night”
|
tina said that Jono hadn’t seen that
film the previous night
|
Simple Past
|
laras said, “I didn’t watch the programme
last night”
|
laras said that she had not watched the
programme the previous night
|
Past
Continuous
|
dimas said, “I wasn't buying chocolate
today”
|
dimas said that he had been not buying
chocolate that day
|
Past Perfect
|
dimas said, “I had not bought chocolate
today”
|
-
|
Past Future
|
dimas said, “I would not buy chocolate
today”
|
dimas said that he would have bought
chocolate that day
|
Yes-no
Question Form
Direct speech
|
Indirect
speech
|
|
Simple
Present
|
Peter said
me, “Do you like chocolate?”
|
Peter asked
me if i liked chocolate
|
Present
Continuous
|
Luna
said me, “Are you reading the novel”
|
Luna
asked me if i was reading the novel
|
Present
Perfect
|
Luna said me,
“Have you read the novel”
|
Luna
asked me if i have read the novel”
|
Simple Past
|
Hana
asked me, “Did you meet Tono at the Cinema today?”
|
Hana
asked me whether i had met Tono at the Cinema that day?
|
Past
Continuous
|
Rahma asked
me, “Was Nona learning english?”
|
Rahma asked
me whether Nona had been learning english?
|
Past Perfect
|
Rahma
said me, “Had John gone the store today?”
|
-
|
Past Future
|
Jono
said me, “Would you buy chocolate today?”
|
Jono asked me
if i would have bought chocolate that day
|
Wh- Question
Direct speech
|
Indirect
speech
|
|
Simple
Present
|
Peter said
me, “Why do you like chocolate?”
|
Peter asked
me why i liked chocolate
|
Present
Continuous
|
Luna
said me, “What are you reading the novel”
|
Luna
asked me what i was reading the novel
|
Present
Perfect
|
Luna said me,
“What have you read the novel”
|
Luna
asked me what i have read the novel”
|
Simple Past
|
Hana
asked me, “Why did you meet Tono at the Cinema today?”
|
Hana
asked me whyr i had met Tono at the Cinema that day?
|
Past
Continuous
|
Rahma asked
me, “What was Nona learning english?”
|
Rahma asked
me what Nona had been learning english?
|
Past Perfect
|
Rahma
said me, “Had John gone the store today?”
|
-
|
Past Future
|
Jono
said me, “What would you buy chocolate today?”
|
Jono asked me
what i would have bought chocolate that day
|
Imperative form
Function
|
Direct speech
|
Indirect
speech
|
Command
|
sister said, “Clean my room!”
|
sister said to
clean her room
|
Mother said,
“Don’t clean my roomt!”
|
Mother said
not to clean her room
|
|
Request
|
she said, "May I have a glass of water?"
|
she asked for a glass of water.
|
Referensi :
http://widya’s.blogspot.com
